How do beta particles differ from alpha particles in detection?

Beta particles differ from alpha particles primarily in their ability to penetrate materials. Beta particles, which are high-energy, high-speed electrons or positrons emitted from certain types of radioactive decay, possess a much greater penetrating power than alpha particles. Alpha particles, on the other hand, are composed of two protons and two neutrons and are heavy and positively charged. Due to their larger mass and charge, alpha particles are easily absorbed by materials such as paper or even human skin, limiting their range and detection capability.

In contrast, beta particles can travel through materials more effectively. They can penetrate several millimeters into human tissue and are able to pass through layers of various materials, which makes them detectable with different types of radiation detectors, including Geiger-Muller counters and scintillation detectors. Their ability to penetrate materials is a crucial factor in their detection and the design of radiation protection measures.

The other options don't accurately reflect the fundamental differences between beta and alpha particles. For instance, beta particles do not require less sensitive detection methods; rather, they require specific techniques suitable for their detection ranges. Additionally, beta particles do not always leave visible tracks like some particles do in sensitive mediums. Lastly, beta particles are not without charge; rather, they carry a negative charge (