In a scintillation detector, which component converts light photons into an electrical signal?

In a scintillation detector, the critical component responsible for converting light photons into an electrical signal is the photomultiplier tube (PMT) or a similar light-sensitive device. The role of this component is to detect the light emitted by the scintillator material when it interacts with ionizing radiation.

When radiation strikes the scintillator, it produces visible light photons through the scintillation process. The scintillator material's primary function is to absorb the energy from the incoming radiation and re-emit it in the form of light. However, in order to measure this light, the PMT or light-sensing component is needed. This device amplifies the light photons it receives, creating a cascade effect where incoming photons trigger a multiplication of electrons, resulting in a measurable electrical signal.

This electrical signal is then processed by the detection system to provide data on the presence and intensity of radiation, which is essential for radiation detection applications. Thus, the correct answer reflects the specific function of converting light into an electrical signal, which is foundational to the operation of scintillation detectors.