What is the primary function of the semiconductor crystal in a semiconductor detector?

The primary function of the semiconductor crystal in a semiconductor detector is to convert x-rays into electrons. When x-ray photons interact with the semiconductor material, they transfer energy to the electrons in the crystal lattice. This energy transfer causes some electrons to be ejected from their atomic bonds, creating electron-hole pairs. The generation of these charge carriers is fundamental, as it enables the detection of radiation by allowing the effects of ionization caused by the radiation to be measured as an electrical signal.

This conversion process is crucial because it directly relates to the efficiency and effectiveness of the semiconductor detector in identifying and measuring radiation. The ability to produce a measurable signal from the initial energetic interactions of x-rays makes semiconductor detectors particularly valuable in various applications, such as medical imaging and radiation monitoring.