What type of crystal is used in thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLD)?

Thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs) primarily utilize lithium fluoride crystals due to their excellent properties for dose measurement in radiation detection. When these crystals are exposed to ionizing radiation, they absorb energy, which excites electrons to higher energy states within the crystal lattice. Upon heating, these electrons return to their ground state, releasing the absorbed energy in the form of light. The intensity of this emitted light is proportional to the amount of radiation the TLD has been exposed to, allowing for accurate dose measurement.

Lithium fluoride is particularly advantageous because it has a high atomic number, making it sensitive to a broad range of radiation types including alpha, beta, and gamma radiation. Additionally, its minimal thermal sensitivity and relatively high crystal stability contribute to its reliable performance in various radiation monitoring applications. The ability of lithium fluoride to provide a nearly tissue-equivalent response is also significant, as it closely mimics the biological effects of radiation in human tissues.

While other materials like sodium iodide, cadmium sulfide, and aluminum oxide are used in different types of radiation detection and dosimetry, they don't exhibit the same efficiencies or characteristics for thermoluminescent applications as lithium fluoride. Sodium iodide is typically used in scintillation detectors, cad