Which characteristic of gamma rays poses a challenge for shielding?

The characteristic of gamma rays that poses the most significant challenge for shielding is their high energy and penetrating power. Gamma rays have the ability to pass through various materials with minimal absorption, which makes them particularly difficult to shield effectively. Unlike alpha and beta particles, which can be stopped by relatively thin layers of materials, gamma rays require dense and thick shielding materials like lead or several centimeters of concrete to reduce their intensity.

Their high energy allows gamma rays to traverse substantial distances without interacting with matter, leading to increased exposure risks in environments where gamma radiation is present. Consequently, effective shielding strategies must take into account the energy of the gamma rays and the type of materials used to ensure adequate protection from radiation exposure. This highlights the unique challenges associated with gamma radiation as compared to other forms of radiation, emphasizing the need for specialized shielding techniques.